In contemporary condensed matter physics and materials science, exploration of high critical temperature (Tc) superconducting materials remains a core challenge. Traditional systems (cuprates, iron-based) have achieved Tc >100 K but often depend on extreme conditions—ultra-high pressure or complex doping—limiting practical application. Recently, a novel all-carbon endogenous stress composite platform has emerged, building programmable quantum regulation environment at atmospheric pressure through chemically bonded endogenous stress, not only as innovative superconducting material carrier but showing feasibility for high-Tc superconductivity itself. This platform has enormous potential to reshape superconducting materials R&D paradigm.
Core lies in using sp²–sp³ hybrid carbon structure, forming covalent bridge network at interfaces through in-situ chemical reaction, locking 10–60 GPa local residual endogenous stress during rapid cooling. This "chemical high pressure" is not external transient pressure but material-intrinsic long-term stable stress field from thermal expansion difference, lattice mismatch and geometric stress concentration. This innovation solves limitations of traditional high-pressure methods (diamond anvil—tiny samples, difficult to scale).
Physically, the platform induces lattice distortion through stress, producing non-uniform strain gradient, equivalent to 3D moiré superlattice potential. This causes electron Fermi velocity decrease and band flattening (Flat Band), amplifying electron-electron Coulomb interaction, pushing system toward strongly correlated state. In this state, electron kinetic energy is suppressed; fluctuations (magnetic or charge) act as "dynamic glue" to renormalize repulsion into effective attractive pairing, forming localized Cooper pairs. The unique aspect is "functionalized disorder" design: platform doesn't pursue perfect crystal order but induces long-range coherence in disordered background through embedded functional guests (antiferromagnetic particles, FeSe precursor) and external field intervention (high-frequency magnetic pump).
Maximum value is as "programmable quantum regulation platform" rather than single superconducting material. By regulating sp²/sp³ ratio, chemical agent type and functional guests (magnetic nanoparticles), can systematically scan parameter space, explore multiple superconducting mechanisms. Platform achieves atmospheric "chemical high pressure" equivalent to extreme conditions. "Functionalized disorder" allows inducing ordered quantum states in disordered background. As platform, value lies in generality—can embed various guests (rare earth compounds, hydrides) to explore different fluctuation types.
If endogenous stress and flat band achieve atmospheric Tc>77 K (liquid nitrogen) or even >200 K, would open new era of high-temperature superconductivity. Theoretically, flat band-induced high density of states can amplify pairing potential; spin triplet pairing further improves stability. Value: atmospheric high-Tc could revolutionize energy transmission (lossless grid), maglev transport, medical imaging. As all-carbon material, biocompatibility and lightweight could extend to wearable superconducting devices.
Huge application potential. Platform useful for basic research and direct conversion to engineering devices. In quantum computing: "junction ball" arrays can build high-density Josephson qubits with NV center readout for all-carbon quantum chip. In energy: high-Tc coils can improve fusion reactor efficiency. In military/space: material strength and thermal conductivity for radiation protection or high-temperature sensors. Value also in sustainability: all-carbon abundant, low-cost; preparation (medium-low pressure sintering) easily scalable.
This solution is not only a superconducting materials breakthrough but a platform revolution in quantum technology, with enormous scientific, economic and social value.